:calendar: September 17 is a significant date in the history of Hyderabad.
:flag-in: There was a disagreement between political parties regarding the naming of this day.
:briefcase: Hyderabad was a princely state ruled by the Nizam before its liberation or integration over 75 years ago.
📜 The last Nizam of Hyderabad, Osmal Ali Khan, was once the wealthiest man in the world and introduced modern infrastructure to the state.
⚔️ The rule of Osmal Ali Khan ended in 1948 when Hyderabad refused to merge with India after its independence.
🏰 There is a documented history of both progress and widespread feudal oppression during the rule of the Nizams in Hyderabad.
📅 On 17 September, Operation Polo took place, leading to the 'liberation' vs 'integration' fight in Hyderabad.
👑 The nizam of Hyderabad signed a standstill agreement with India, giving control over Foreign Affairs, defense, and Communications to India.
🔥 The MIM, loyal to the nizam, opposed Hyderabad's integration into India, and Qasim Razvi led a private militia called razakars that committed atrocities.
🏰 The history of Hyderabad and the conflict between the razakars and the state.
💥 Violence and atrocities committed by the razakars and the state support they received.
🌍 The changing landscape in the rest of India and the revolt against Hyderabad's integration.
📚 Operation Polo began in September 1948 with the entry of Indian troops into Hyderabad.
⚔️ Indian forces advanced on multiple fronts along the Hyderabad border.
🔁 Hyderabad's last prime minister described the events as a tactical retreat.
📜 Hyderabad officially acceded to India after the surrender of the Nizam on 17th September 1948.
⚔️ Operation Polo resulted in heavy losses and casualties, with estimates of 27 to 40,000 Muslims killed during and after the violence.
🔥 Writing and targeted violence against Muslims continued in Hyderabad after the end of Operation Polo.
⚔️ Operation Polo led to a backlash against Muslims and the loss of many lives in Razakar strongholds.
✊ The Communist armed struggle persisted until 1951.
🔴 The fight over 'liberation' versus 'integration' in Hyderabad remains contentious.