Reforms in Austria and Habsburg: Addressing Weaknesses in the 18th Century
The reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in 18th century Austria and Habsburg addressed weaknesses in administration, economy, and military.
00:00:00 This video explains the reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in the 18th century Habsburg monarchy and their purposes.
👑 Maria Theresa's reign in the Habsburg Monarchy was seen as largely positive, despite the difficulties she faced after her father's death and the challenge to the Pragmatic Sanction.
✨ The reforms implemented by Maria Theresa and Joseph II aimed to modernize various aspects of the state and improve government effectiveness.
🌍 The Austrian War of Succession and the Peace of Aachen in 1748 led to the recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction and established Maria Theresa's rule as legitimate.
00:02:21 Summary: The reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in 18th century Austria and Habsburg aimed to address weaknesses in administration, economy, and military. These enlightened monarchs introduced professionalism, religious tolerance, secularization, and abolition of serfdom and torture. Three key figures played important roles. However, Maria Theresa was never an empress, and the term 'kaiserin' likely came from the tradition of addressing women with the same title as their husbands.
📜 Maria Theresia and Joseph II implemented reforms in Austria and Habsburg in the 18th century to address the significant weaknesses in administration, economy, and military.
🔍 The reforms were influenced by Enlightenment ideas and included professionalization of administration, religious tolerance, secularization, abolishment of serfdom, and abolishment of torture.
👥 Important figures involved in the reforms were Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz in administration, Wenzel Anton Kaunitz as the chancellor, and Leopold von Daun in the military.
00:04:44 The video discusses the military reforms of Maria Theresia and Joseph II in Austria in the 18th century, including the establishment of the Austrian army and military academy. It also mentions economic reforms such as abolishing privileges and serfdom.
📜 Maria Theresia and Joseph II implemented important reforms in Austria and the Habsburg Empire in the 18th century.
⚔️ They focused on strengthening the Austrian military, including increasing the size and training of the army.
💰 To fund their reforms, they also implemented economic measures such as abolishing privileges and serfdom.
00:07:07 A summary of the video is to create a unified economic area by abolishing guilds and increasing import tariffs. Infrastructure and population growth were also prioritized, along with the introduction of new taxes.
📈 Reforms focused on creating a unified economic area, including the abolition of beekeeping and increased import tariffs.
🏗️ Investments were made in infrastructure, such as road and canal construction, and improvements in the postal system.
🌍 Efforts were made to increase the population through improved living conditions and the recruitment of settlers.
💰 New taxes, including the introduction of general taxation for the nobility and clergy, were implemented to boost revenue.
📚 Data collection initiatives, such as the Theresian Cadastre, were undertaken for effective taxation and establishment of property records.
00:09:31 The video discusses the reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in 18th century Austria and Habsburg. The reforms included centralized administration and professionalization of the bureaucracy.
🔑 One important reform was the centralization of administration, aiming to professionalize the bureaucracy and eliminate the influence of social classes.
💼 A hierarchical administrative structure was established, with central authorities resembling modern ministries, overseeing regions and districts.
⚖️ Furthermore, reforms were implemented in the areas of foreign policy and justice, focusing on centralization, professionalization, and unification of laws.
00:11:53 Reforms in Austria under Maria Theresia and Joseph II. in the 18th century, including criminal law, education, and secularization.
📝 Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in 18th century Austria-Hungary.
⚖️ Unified criminal law and initiated the drafting of a civil code.
🏫 Implemented general compulsory education and reformed universities.
00:14:16 Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in 18th century Austria and Habsburg. Focus on secularization of church, healthcare, and efficient pastoral care.
👑 Under the rule of Joseph II, reforms were made to the Austrian state and church, including the closure of unproductive monasteries and the establishment of the Vienna Hospital.
🏰 A third of the monasteries in Austria were affected by the reforms, with the Jesuits being particularly impacted.
⛪ The church in Austria underwent restructuring to improve efficiency in pastoral care, including the introduction of state-led priest seminaries.
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