Immunoglobulins: Exploring the Guardians of the Immune System

🧠 Immunoglobulins are molecules that play a role in the immune response, with two types: humoral and cellular.

🔬 Antibodies, which are glycoproteins, are produced by lymphocytes B and can specifically bind to antigens.

💪 Antibodies have three main functions: neutralization of microorganisms and toxins, facilitation of phagocytosis, and activation of the complement system.

✅ The complement system can activate to destroy microorganisms and the complex attack membrane helps in this process.

🔬 Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are composed of heavy and light chains and have a symmetrical Y-shaped structure.

🧬 The structure of immunoglobulins includes variable domains that bind to antigens and constant domains that remain unchanged.

👉 Immunoglobulins refer to a part of the antibody that consists of light and heavy chains.

🔢 There are different types of immunoglobulins, classified by the type of light and heavy chains.

🧬 Scientists study the structure of immunoglobulins by performing experiments that involve cutting or sequencing the antibodies.

🔹 Immunoglobulins are composed of fragments called Fc and Fab, with Fc made up of constant domains and Fab made up of variable domains.

🔹 Immunoglobulins have multiple functions, including antigen recognition and effector functions mediated by Fc fragments.

🔹 Immunoglobulins have different types, including isoforms and idiotypes, which allow for differentiation between individuals within the same species.

🔑 Immunoglobulins are antibodies that are specific to different antigens.

🔬 Immunoglobulins have different properties and are composed of heavy and light chains.

🤝 Immunoglobulins can bind to antigens and activate the complement system.

Immunoglobulins are divided into two types: IgA1 and IgA2, with IgA2 being resistant to enzymes.

IgA1 and IgA2 are secreted by different cells: IgA1 is found in the blood while IgA2 is secreted by mucous membranes.

The secretory component of immunoglobulins plays a role in stabilizing the molecules and protecting them from degradation by enzymes.

🔑 There are three gene families that code for the synthesis of immunoglobulin chains.

🔬 The genes responsible for the synthesis of immunoglobulin chains are located on chromosomes 2, 14, and 22.

🧬 The diversity of immunoglobulin chains is achieved through random recombination of gene segments.