🗳️ Political participation includes various forms such as voting, contacting officials, participating in protests, donating, and volunteering.
🌍 The United States has lower voter turnout compared to other industrialized countries when looking at registration and actual voting.
📊 Differences in political participation can impact election outcomes and the laws governments enact.
📊 Around 50 to 60% of the voting age population tends to turn out to vote.
🗳️ Around 80 to 90% of registered voters tend to vote.
💼 Voter behavior can be influenced by economic self-interest, where homeowners and higher-income individuals tend to vote more often.
🗳️ Voting is a civic duty and can lead to a sense of political efficacy.
📊 Turnout in elections is influenced by factors such as competitiveness, voter encouragement, and registration issues.
👥 Different reasons why people don't vote can be categorized as institutional, psychological, or other factors.
🗳️ Does it matter who votes and do nonvoters have an impact on election outcomes?
📊 Nonvoters tend to favor slightly more liberal policies than voters on average.
🔍 Political participation bias can lead to less representative laws.
🗳️ Nonvoters tend to have more liberal views and support government intervention and equality.
📊 The participation bias differs among states and cities.
🏢 Nonvoters' preferences have a small effect on election outcomes.
🗳️ Only a small number of Senate elections have been changed by voter turnout.
📊 Examining voter behavior can give insights into potential outcomes if everyone voted.
💼 Participation bias in low income voters can affect policy outcomes in certain states.
📝 Americans tend not to register or vote as often as people in other countries.
🗳️ Americans participate in politics more often through activities such as writing to newspapers, writing to the national legislature, attending public meetings, or signing petitions.
❓ There may still be participation bias in other forms of participation besides voting.
Sherron Watkins, former vice president, Enron Corporation
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