Evolution of English: From Rome to Global Institution
A concise summary of the history of English, from Roman times to the global spread of the language, highlighting influences such as Shakespeare and the King James Bible.
00:00:03 The history of English: From the Roman era to the Norman Conquest, the language evolves with Anglo-Saxon and Viking influences.
📜 The history of English begins with the departure of the Romans and the influx of Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
🗓️ The Anglo-Saxons contributed useful vocabulary for everyday things, while Christian missionaries introduced Latin words and concepts.
⚔️ The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought French language and new concepts to England, leaving a lasting impact on the English language.
00:01:27 The history of English: French influence, Latin in church, English spoken by common man, Norman words absorbed, English becomes language of power
🗝️ French and Latin were commonly spoken languages, with French influencing legal terms and Latin used in church.
🐄 English absorbed about 10,000 new words from the Normans, leading to the development of words for animals and food.
⚔️ English became the language of power after the Hundred Years War against France.
🎭 William Shakespeare invented around 2,000 new words and phrases, including everyday vocabulary and more elaborate terms.
00:02:47 The video explores the impact of Shakespeare and the King James Bible on the English language, showcasing their contributions to its rich vocabulary and phrases.
📜 Shakespeare's use of catchphrases and unique expressions influenced the English language, making it rich and vibrant.
📖 The King James Bible played a significant role in spreading popular phrases and expressions in English.
🌍 These influential works shaped the English language and impacted people's understanding of expressions and idioms.
00:04:20 The history of English is shaped by the King James Bible and the English of Science. Scientists transformed our understanding of the universe with their own language, coining new words. English spread as the language of science, the Bible, and Shakespeare.
📚 The King James Bible played a significant role in shaping the English language.
🔬 In the 17th Century, scientists in Britain started using English to communicate and named new scientific discoveries.
🌍 English became the language of science, literature, and empire, leading to the spread of the language across the world.
00:05:53 The history of English: The British Empire influenced English as they traveled the world, bringing back words and concepts. Lexicographers attempted to standardize the language with dictionaries.
🌍 The British Empire's influence led to the development of various varieties of English around the world.
📚 Lexicographers like Dr. Johnson played a significant role in standardizing English by creating dictionaries.
🌍🔎 English borrowed words from different regions, including the Caribbean, India, Africa, and Australia.
00:07:16 The history of English: from the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary to the influence of immigrants in America's vocabulary.
📚 The Oxford English Dictionary was started in 1857 and took 70 years to finish.
🌍 American English borrowed words from Native Americans and waves of immigrants, contributing to its unique vocabulary.
💼 American English influenced by capitalism and the need for new words related to business and transportation.
00:08:42 The video explores the history of English, from the influence of American English to the impact of the internet and the global spread of the language.
🌍 English has a rich history of absorbing, evolving, and stealing from other languages over the past 1500 years.
💻 The internet had a significant impact on the evolution of English, with the rise of abbreviations and the influence of typing on spoken language.
🇺🇸🇬🇧 American English and British English have diverged in certain vocabulary and pronunciation, with some words unique to each dialect.
00:10:22 English, a global language pilfering words from over 350 languages, has evolved from its foreign roots to become a global institution spoken by 1.5 billion people.
🌍 English originated from foreign settlers and became a global language, borrowing words from over 350 languages.
💬 Around 1.5 billion people speak English, with a quarter being native speakers and a quarter speaking it as a second language.
🗺️ There are variations of English, such as 'Hinglish', 'Chinglish', and 'Singlish', reflecting its global influence.
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