👑 Maria Theresa's reign in the Habsburg Monarchy was seen as largely positive, despite the difficulties she faced after her father's death and the challenge to the Pragmatic Sanction.
✨ The reforms implemented by Maria Theresa and Joseph II aimed to modernize various aspects of the state and improve government effectiveness.
🌍 The Austrian War of Succession and the Peace of Aachen in 1748 led to the recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction and established Maria Theresa's rule as legitimate.
📜 Maria Theresia and Joseph II implemented reforms in Austria and Habsburg in the 18th century to address the significant weaknesses in administration, economy, and military.
🔍 The reforms were influenced by Enlightenment ideas and included professionalization of administration, religious tolerance, secularization, abolishment of serfdom, and abolishment of torture.
👥 Important figures involved in the reforms were Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz in administration, Wenzel Anton Kaunitz as the chancellor, and Leopold von Daun in the military.
📜 Maria Theresia and Joseph II implemented important reforms in Austria and the Habsburg Empire in the 18th century.
⚔️ They focused on strengthening the Austrian military, including increasing the size and training of the army.
💰 To fund their reforms, they also implemented economic measures such as abolishing privileges and serfdom.
📈 Reforms focused on creating a unified economic area, including the abolition of beekeeping and increased import tariffs.
🏗️ Investments were made in infrastructure, such as road and canal construction, and improvements in the postal system.
🌍 Efforts were made to increase the population through improved living conditions and the recruitment of settlers.
💰 New taxes, including the introduction of general taxation for the nobility and clergy, were implemented to boost revenue.
📚 Data collection initiatives, such as the Theresian Cadastre, were undertaken for effective taxation and establishment of property records.
🔑 One important reform was the centralization of administration, aiming to professionalize the bureaucracy and eliminate the influence of social classes.
💼 A hierarchical administrative structure was established, with central authorities resembling modern ministries, overseeing regions and districts.
⚖️ Furthermore, reforms were implemented in the areas of foreign policy and justice, focusing on centralization, professionalization, and unification of laws.
📝 Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in 18th century Austria-Hungary.
⚖️ Unified criminal law and initiated the drafting of a civil code.
🏫 Implemented general compulsory education and reformed universities.
👑 Under the rule of Joseph II, reforms were made to the Austrian state and church, including the closure of unproductive monasteries and the establishment of the Vienna Hospital.
🏰 A third of the monasteries in Austria were affected by the reforms, with the Jesuits being particularly impacted.
⛪ The church in Austria underwent restructuring to improve efficiency in pastoral care, including the introduction of state-led priest seminaries.
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