Demystifying Computer Science: 100+ Essential Concepts Explained

👨‍💻 Software engineering allows you to learn coding and get a well-paying job without needing deep understanding of how things work.

💻 The central processing unit (CPU) is the core of modern computers, containing billions of tiny transistors.

🔢 Binary is the base system used in computers, represented by zeros and ones.

🖥️ The CPU and RAM are the brain of a computer, and they interact with input and output devices.

💻 The shell is the entry point to the operating system, allowing users to interact with it via a command line interface.

🔧 Programming languages simplify working with computers by abstracting complex systems and providing built-in data types and variables.

Memory management involves allocating and freeing up memory throughout a program.

Different programming languages have different data types for numbers and characters.

Data structures like arrays, linked lists, and stacks are used to organize data.

💡 Data structures like arrays, queues, hashes, trees, and graphs are essential for organizing and storing data.

💻 Algorithms are code that solves problems, and functions are the most fundamental mechanism for implementing algorithms.

🔍 Code can include expressions that produce boolean values and statements that perform actions based on conditions or loop through a block of code.

🔄 A while loop repeatedly runs a block of code until a condition becomes false.

🔁 For loops are used to iterate over an array or iterable data structure.

🔁 Recursion is when a function calls itself, but it needs a base condition to avoid infinite loops.

📊 Big-O notation is used to approximate the performance of algorithms at scale.

💡 Developers have different algorithm types like brute force, divide and conquer, dynamic programming, and greedy algorithms.

🔍 Backtracking algorithms explore all potential paths.

💻 Declarative and imperative programming paradigms.

📚 Object-oriented programming and the use of classes.

🔗 Inheritance and design patterns in OOP.

🧱 Instantiation of objects and memory management in OOP.

🔀 The use of threads in the CPU.

🖥️ Programming languages support parallelism and concurrency models to handle multiple jobs on a single thread.

☁️ Working with virtual machines in the cloud to simulate hardware and connect computers via the internet protocol.

🔒 Establishing secure connections between computers with TCP handshake, SSL encryption, and sharing data with HTTP and APIs.