Understanding Type 1 Hypersensitivity: A Comprehensive Overview

🔥 Hypersensitivity type 1 is an immediate immune response that occurs within 15-30 minutes after exposure to allergens.

✨ This type of hypersensitivity involves the release of mediators by antibodies and specific cells, resulting in rapid clinical manifestations.

👉 Hypersensitivity type 1 is different from allergies, as it involves an increased sensitivity to antigens rather than a specific immune reaction.

🔍 Hypersensitivity type 1 is characterized by a heightened immune response to allergens.

🤔 Allergens can be classified based on their mode of introduction, such as respiratory, ingested, or transcutaneous.

💡 Mastocytes and basophils possess high-affinity receptors that can bind to immunoglobulin E (IgE), triggering allergic reactions.

🔑 The hypersensitivity type 1 is explained through the composition and structure of receptors and cells involved.

⚙️ The process of sensitization and the appearance of symptoms in hypersensitivity type 1.

🗒️ The role of antigen presentation, T cells, and B cells in the immune response during hypersensitivity type 1.

🔑 Type 1 hypersensitivity is characterized by the activation of antigen-specific cells.

🧠 Type 2 hypersensitivity involves the production of interleukin and isotopic switching.

🤧 The activation of mastocytes and basophiles leads to the release of granules and the appearance of clinical symptoms.

:book: Hypersensitivity type 1 is characterized by the release of different mediators, including histamine and prostaglandins, which cause various symptoms such as bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and mucus secretion.

:microscope: Mastocytes play a central role in hypersensitivity type 1, as they release preformed mediators and synthesize mediators derived from arachidonic acid.

:dna: The production of cytokines is a delayed response in hypersensitivity type 1, and monocytes and macrophages also play a role in the reaction.

🔑 Allergic reactions occur when an allergen binds between two molecules of immunoglobulin, activating mast cells and releasing pre-formed molecules that cause symptoms.

⚡ Mast cells also produce other proteins and molecules, such as prostaglandins and cytokines, which contribute to inflammation and delayed allergic reactions.

💥 Hypersensitivity type 1 can manifest locally or systemically, with severe manifestations leading to anaphylactic shock. Diagnosis involves identifying the allergen through skin tests and exploring the patient's medical history.

🧪 The video explains the use of immunoglobulins in testing for allergies and how they either react with allergens or do not, resulting in positive or negative test results.

🔍 Different tests, such as the test for basophil granulation, the basophil activation test, and the histamine release test, are discussed, each providing specific information on allergic reactions.

💉 The treatment for type 1 hypersensitivity varies depending on the specific pathology, with options including avoidance of the allergen, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs, and desensitization.