The Rise of the Modern State: Power, Sovereignty, and Government

📚 The concept of the state has always existed as a means of controlling human behavior.

💡 Different thinkers have proposed different forms of government to control human behavior.

🌍 The ultimate goal is to establish a virtuous and stable society.

👑 The concept of centralized power in the form of a single sovereign ruler was advocated by thinkers like Maquiavel and Hobbes.

🏛️ Locke believed that society should be organized through a social contract where individuals willingly agree to establish a government to protect their rights.

🌍 Rousseau argued that individuals can choose between complete freedom or accepting the guarantees of freedom and property provided by laws.

📜 The modern state emerged from the end of feudalism and the weakening of political forces in Europe.

🏛️ The centralization and concentration of power in institutions characterize the modern state.

💼 The first form of the modern state was the Absolutist State, characterized by economic control and centralized power.

⚖️ The emergence of the state and the modern state was influenced by the conflicts between the dominant classes: nobility, clergy, and bourgeoisie.

🌍 The liberal state, based on individualism and popular sovereignty, faced a crisis in the late 19th century and was replaced by nationalistic states like fascism and Nazism.

🛠️ The Soviet state, with strong centralization and economic planning, emerged as a socialist alternative and gained importance after World War II.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, capitalist countries sought to construct a new economic organization of society known as the welfare state, which aimed to regulate economic activities, redistribute income, and promote the well-being of the majority.

In the 1970s, the welfare state faced a crisis due to factors such as the oil crisis and high spending on the Vietnam War. This led to the emergence of the neoliberal state, which advocated for minimal state intervention in the economy and placed the responsibility of citizens' well-being on themselves.

Karl Marx's views on the role of the state evolved over time. Initially, he saw the state as an abstract entity that prioritized the interests of the economically dominant class. Later, he viewed the state as a political and legal tool of bourgeois society, existing to maintain the conditions necessary for capitalist domination.

📚 The emergence of the state and the modern state is discussed in the video.

💼 The state is an organization that works to protect the interests of the dominant class.

👥 The state is a relationship of domination, with authority accepted and legitimized by the governed.

📚 The video discusses the different forms of domination, including charismatic and legal domination.

⏰ It highlights how the legal form of domination is based on obedience to laws and can be modified or limited.

🌍 The video concludes by mentioning that the modern state has evolved over time, with some countries still maintaining socialist or absolutist characteristics.